Our Clients

"Johnson Controls Power Solutions engaged YCP Solidiance in early 2017 for a critical market intelligence project on the demand and technology trends for automotive batteries in targeted Asian countries. Given the high technical complexity and sensitivity of the task, YCP Solidiance has once again met our very high expectations. Their research enabled us to create a more informed strategy for growth in the Original Equipment channel in Asia. The YCP Solidiance team performed to the highest level of professionalism and competency in this challenging B2B research project. Their understanding of our specific needs and reliable delivery convinced us that we had chosen the right team for the job. We are pleased with our choice of YCP Solidiance for this work, and would recommend them for work across Asia."

"Goodyear has been collaborating with Solidiance on new market entry strategy. I would personally like to congratulate YCP Solidiance on the commendable job your team has done in supporting us, with professionalism, business intelligence, and solid market insights, in the development of a route-to-market strategy for a completely new country. The team’s strategic advice was so useful and on point, that we have already worked on a second project together, optimizing our distributor strategy in one of our existing markets. We look forward to continuing working with YCP Solidiance and highly recommend them as growth partners."

"Our YCP Solidiance collaboration helped us to craft an expansion path for our company in Asia. Solidiance provided relevant global lubricant industry insights and delivered in-depth market analysis to support our market entry strategy. YCP Solidiance's strategic recommendations helped us to make key decisions for our business expansion plan in a targeted Asian country."

"It has been a great experience working with the YCP Solidiance project team. The market insights and strategic assessments were well-researched, analyzed and presented; ensuring that we have a deeper understanding of the business dynamics in the Middle East. This has helped SATS to validate its business case projections, as well as strengthened its intended strategies to grow in the market. We are equally impressed by the timeliness and quick turnaround of the project, given the compressed time that we have set for the project team. The personal involvement of the team has underscored the high quality of client service that YCP Solidiance pledges. We are happy to recommend YCP Solidiance and of course, look forward to engaging them again in future endeavors."

"I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude for all the effort and commitment that Solidiance showed us during this project. Although building detailed strategies for different countries within a tough time constraint is without any doubt a demanding and challenging task, YCP Solidiance did a fabulous job. I believe that the success in this project laid a foundation for building a strong relationship between YCP Solidiance and GS Caltex, and I promise that YCP Solidiance will be the first one to be contacted whenever GSC needs any help for growth."

"We have now completed our study on entering a new market successfully and I wish to thank the YCP Solidiance team for the professional and urgent approach given our requirement relating to the specific market assessments, feasibility studies, a partner search and financial evaluation on a primary acquisition target in our market of interest. I am satisfied YCP Solidiance developed a differentiated route-to-market strategy that is comprehensive and delivered pleasingly ahead of time to meet our tight deadlines. Our objectives were met in full and I look forward to working with the YCP Solidiance team again in the future."

"YCP Solidiance helped us, in record time, to understand the current market landscape and outlook in our served segments. Their help was key to our strategic planning and forecasting for the upcoming year. We are happy to recommend YCP Solidiance and look forward to working with them again in the future."

"The engagement conducted by YCP Solidiance was comprehensive and was very helpful for Shell to take immediate strategic decisions and actions in our market; their work allowed Shell to see the unseen, especially with regards to the competitor assessment and detailed customer issues. The YCP Solidiance team has always been professional to work with, and I've appreciated how they accommodate client requests and enthusiastically took on the challenges we gave them. Overall, I am very happy with the services provided by YCP Solidiance, they managed to get very insightful and unbiased recommendations for our business."

"Their in-depth local knowledge, understanding of our objectives and backed by professional approach have enabled us to achieve our expected objectives in a timely manner for this key engagement. The team has exhibited a clear and deep understanding of market practices and market behavior. They provided us with detailed insights on the market and crafted a well-structured market entry strategy to meet our ASEAN growth goals. We would like to thank the entire team for their professional, responsive and diligent attitude during the project period and beyond. On behalf of Petronas, I would like to congratulate to your team."

"We are very pleased to have awarded the project to YCP Solidiance. YCP Solidiance's team was responsive and diligent. Their timely and well-structured approach helped to keep us aligned with our strategic goals."

"Thanks to YCP Solidiance’s work, we have been able to move smoothly forward in the ASEAN region. YCP Solidiance’s know-how has greatly helped DuPont in making its strategic choices."

"During the course of the process, I found YCP Solidiance highly capable to support Toyota to better understand “ASEAN countries”. We usually work with Japanese consulting company and from their report, we can be a “book smart” but can’t have a clear picture of what’s going on in the real market. The project with YCP Solidiance brought us “real market experience”. YCP Solidiance's local consultants got their hands dirty in the marketplace with me. This approach enabled me to understand critical consumer insights behind data. I found it very valuable experience. Thank you very much."

"I am very satisfied with YCP Solidiance's work on competitors benchmarking analysis project in the Automotive Glass industry. The team fully understood the project background and objectives, and their output surely met our expectations. Although there were some challenges in collecting detailed information given this is a highly specialized industry, their analytical framework, and logical approach made this project a great success. I also found the discussion with their local consultants very valuable. This gave me lots of useful insights to pursue the project. I would like to work with YCP Solidiance on my next project." 

"We are very pleased to have awarded the project to YCP Solidiance. YCP Solidiance's team was responsive and diligent. Their timely and well-structured approach helped to keep us aligned with our strategic goals."

"During a key defining moment for our company, YCP Solidiance helped TNT to redefine its ASEAN business strategy through the analysis of several industries, clients, and competitors across five key Southeast Asian markets. YCP Solidiance was able to secure very valuable and detailed market insights during a short timeline and more importantly, they successfully contributed to crafting our new 3PL strategy. When it comes to logistics business strategy projects backed by hard facts YCP Solidiance is clearly well-equipped to over-deliver on expectations. Their team is hands-on, meticulous, very reliable, and able to deliver under pressure.  As such, I highly recommend YCP Solidiance."

"YCP Solidiance impressed me most with their ability to get to the truth on some very specific questions, bringing a level of concreteness to the content that I’ve never seen from another consulting firm. Their work provided valuable analysis for decision-making. The team at YCP Solidiance is efficient, insightful and fearless!"

"We are pleased to recommend the management services of YCP Solidiance, who led us in the planning, set-up and operational start of our China manufacturing facility. Their team was dedicated, innovative at problem solving and creative in their support. Without leadership, we would have never been able to navigate the complex environment in a timely fashion so as to meet our customer requirements."

"Johnson Controls Power Solutions engaged YCP Solidiance in early 2017 for a critical market intelligence project on the demand and technology trends for automotive batteries in targeted Asian countries. Given the high technical complexity and sensitivity of the task, YCP Solidiance has once again met our very high expectations. Their research enabled us to create a more informed strategy for growth in the Original Equipment channel in Asia. The YCP Solidiance team performed to the highest level of professionalism and competency in this challenging B2B research project. Their understanding of our specific needs and reliable delivery convinced us that we had chosen the right team for the job. We are pleased with our choice of YCP Solidiance for this work, and would recommend them for work across Asia."

"YCP Solidiance has worked with us on several projects using their unique insight into the Asian markets to help us develop our strategies, to refine our sales approach in specific segments of the market and to keep us abreast of competitive developments that might otherwise adversely impact our progress.  I highly recommend YCP Solidiance and their talented Team."

"Solidiance was relentless in digging deep to understand our product, business and the market we are striving to serve. As far as consultants go, Solidiance is a rare find where strong analytical skills are matched with logical execution capabilities. We found them to be exceptionally professional and recommend them not only for their excellent delivery of our project but for the caliber of people they have on their team."

"The YCP Solidiance's team proved to be an excellent partner, assisting us in undertaking work that provided crucial input to our strategic planning for Asia-Pacific. The visibility of process allowed for the fine-tuning of the project as it evolved, ensuring WD-40's Corporate Management could focus on areas of specific interest as they were uncovered. Communication from the local YCP Solidiance team was always timely, succinct and open - which was critical in ensuring the project progressed quickly, to meet WD-40's timelines. The YCP Solidiance Project was delivered on-time and in a clear, well-structured format, making for very strong internal buy-in."

"We are very pleased to have awarded the project to YCP Solidiance. YCP Solidiance's team was responsive and diligent. Their timely and well-structured approach helped to keep us aligned with our strategic goals."

"Thanks to YCP Solidiance’s work, we have been able to move smoothly forward in the ASEAN region. YCP Solidiance’s know-how has greatly helped DuPont in making its strategic choices."

"YCP Solidiance's in-depth market analysis and constructive discussions supported us in better understanding the current Asian markets we serve and identified new laneways of growth that could diversify our business. I appreciate their effort in understanding our strategy and where we want to take the business; this created full alignment during the project."

"YCP Solidiance has proven to be a very solid partner. We enjoyed the regular project interactions enabling us to better leverage the market situation. The advisory work done by YCP Solidiance was very useful to set our business direction and marketing investments. We also want to thank the YCP Solidiance team for their professional approach and client management. It was a project worth our time and investment."

"I want to take a few minutes to thank you and your organization for their assistance with our industrial hydraulic market opportunity study. YCP Solidiance’s experience in our served markets, thoroughness of research, and practical approach to strategic acquisition targeting make for a winning combination. Your firm felt like a true extension of our business, something unique relative to other consulting organizations we have worked with in the past. I particularly appreciate the heavy focus on primary research and personally valued the dedicated time you provided during our engagement. We learned more about the market, our competitors, and our own business. Your portfolio of work demonstrates your team’s capability and I would like to add my personal testimonial to anyone considering a project with YCP Solidiance. The common-sense approach, personal attention, and final output add up to one of the best values I have seen."

"YCP Solidiance truly stands alone in terms of delivering value for money. Over the course of the various projects we've commissioned with YCP Solidiance, we've witnessed them using their deep Asian wide networks to gain trends and insights into a concise roadmap report that we can simply turn over to our Sales team for highly effective implementation."

"I would like to thank YCP Solidiance for the great job that you have carried out over the last four months. Our team enjoyed working with you very much. Your professionalism and responsiveness were well appreciated. I received very positive feedback regarding the presentation that Solidiance gave, about both the content and style. This work will have an impact on our next strategic decisions related to film technology. I will not hesitate to recommend YCP Solidiance in the future."

"I am very satisfied with YCP Solidiance's work on competitors benchmarking analysis project in the Automotive Glass industry. The team fully understood the project background and objectives, and their output surely met our expectations. Although there were some challenges in collecting detailed information given this is a highly specialized industry, their analytical framework and logical approach made this project a great success. I also found the discussion with their local consultants very valuable. This gave me lots of useful insights to pursue the project. I would like to work with YCP Solidiance on my next project."

"When we identified the need to develop a better understanding of a potential future growth market in South East Asia, we looked for a firm with deep, on-the-ground knowledge of the region and a demonstrated record of delivering high-quality work. YCP Solidiance was the perfect choice for this project. Their team had the local market knowledge and relationships we needed to build a market strategy that was thorough and insightful. I would definitely recommend YCP Solidiance for consideration on any market intelligence and growth strategy studies that pertain to Asia. We would definitely use them again."

"I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the YCP Solidiance team. I am extremely pleased with how they executed our project. They got their hands dirty and went the extra mile to work on key specified deliverables that proved to show high-impact towards our business objectives. I was profoundly impressed with how YCP Solidiance managed client relationships. The team displayed high professionalism and was able to listen thoroughly. Through their recommendations, we were able to identify the future business direction in the expansion of our Indonesia logistics business footprint."

"We engaged YCP Solidiance to help us identify an M&A target in East and South Asia as well as the Middle East. The work YCP Solidiance performed helped us gain an in-depth understanding of the market and competitive landscape in order to identify the best fitting target for our needs. Furthermore, we engaged YCP Solidiance as our partners in conducting the due diligence and M&A process. We highly recommend them for any large company looking to grow, organically or inorganically, in Asia. In our view, YCP Solidiance’s USP is about being methodical, smart and fact-based on outstanding customer/target intimacy leading to highly reliable results."

"We are very happy with the projects handled by YCP Solidiance for Saint-Gobain. The YCP Solidiance teams have been fully engaged and have shown real professionalism. They understood our needs and completely fulfilled our expectations. Thanks to a step by step process, many interactions were possible between YCP Solidiance and our company, and their team reacted with the right flexibility and pace. The studies conducted by YCP Solidiance delivered very practical recommendations and valuable conclusions for us. We definitely recommend YCP Solidiance."

"When I came to rebuild our China organization there was only one trusted advisor I knew I could turn to for support. Having used YCP Solidiance in former roles, I knew they had the industry expertise, vast proprietary resources and having successfully used their insights before, I knew they were the right resource for growing our China market."

"YCP Solidiance impressed me most with their ability to get to the truth on some very specific questions, bringing a level of concreteness to the content that I’ve never seen from another consulting firm. Their work provided valuable analysis for decision-making. The team at YCP Solidiance is efficient, insightful and fearless!"

"I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude for all the effort and commitment that Solidiance showed us during this project. Although building detailed strategies for different countries within a tough time constraint is without any doubt a demanding and challenging task, YCP Solidiance did a fabulous job. I believe that the success in this project laid a foundation for building a strong relationship between YCP Solidiance and GS Caltex, and I promise that YCP Solidiance will be the first one to be contacted whenever GSC needs any help for growth."

"YCP Solidiance's practical recommendations in the final report more than fulfilled our Board's expectations. The Ho Chi Minh's chapter has already implemented a number of the recommendations and has seen immediate positive results."

"I am very satisfied with YCP Solidiance's work on competitors benchmarking analysis project in the Automotive Glass industry. The team fully understood the project background and objectives, and their output surely met our expectations. Although there were some challenges in collecting detailed information given this is a highly specialized industry, their analytical framework, and logical approach made this project a great success. I also found the discussion with their local consultants very valuable. This gave me lots of useful insights to pursue the project. I would like to work with YCP Solidiance on my next project." 

"We are very happy with the projects handled by YCP Solidiance for Saint-Gobain. The YCP Solidiance teams have been fully engaged and have shown real professionalism. They understood our needs and completely fulfilled our expectations. Thanks to a step by step process, many interactions were possible between YCP Solidiance and our company, and their team reacted with the right flexibility and pace. The studies conducted by YCP Solidiance delivered very practical recommendations and valuable conclusions for us. We definitely recommend YCP Solidiance."

"I would like to extend my appreciation to YCP Solidiance and your team for the marvelous work performed during the course of the project. We wish to work with you again very soon."

"I am extremely pleased with the work done by YCP Solidiance's team. From the very beginning, I knew that I had made the right decision in choosing YCP Solidiance to handle our Benchmarking engagement."

"YCP Solidiance helped us, in record time, to understand the current market landscape and outlook in our served segments. Their help was key to our strategic planning and forecasting for the upcoming year. We are happy to recommend YCP Solidiance and look forward to working with them again in the future."

"When I came to rebuild our China organization there was only one trusted advisor I knew I could turn to for support. Having used YCP Solidiance in former roles, I knew they had the industry expertise, vast proprietary resources and having successfully used their insights before, I knew they were the right resource for growing our China market."

"During the course of 2009 and 2010, YCP Solidiance carried out extensive research on roofing materials market for Monier (previously Lafarge Roofing) in Asia. The experience and expertise of YCP Solidiance in building materials markets in Asia and the strong analytical skills of their consultants resulted in high-quality output for their various assignments, driven by in-depth field investigations. The findings and recommendations provided by YCP Solidiance have proved extremely valuable for Monier to identify and assess growth opportunities in the region, and to support Monier’s strategic approach and planning in the region. I am therefore happy to recommend YCP Solidiance as a valuable partner to any company interested in their research and consulting capabilities."

"I would like to express my sincere gratitude to YCP Solidiance team. I am extremely pleased with how they executed our project. They got their hands dirty and went the extra mile to work on key specified deliverables that proved to show high-impact towards our business objectives. I was profoundly impressed with how YCP Solidiance managed client relationships. The team displayed high professionalism and was able to listen thoroughly. Through their recommendations, we were able to identify the future business direction in the expansion of our Indonesia logistics business footprint."

"We engaged YCP Solidiance to help us identify an M&A target in East and South Asia as well as the Middle East. The work YCP Solidiance performed helped us gain an in-depth understanding of the market and competitive landscape in order to identify the best fitting target for our needs. Furthermore, we engaged YCP Solidiance as our partners in conducting the due diligence and M&A process. We highly recommend them for any large company looking to grow, organically or inorganically, in Asia. In our view, YCP Solidiance’s USP is about being methodical, smart and fact-based on outstanding customer/target intimacy leading to highly reliable results."

"YCP Solidiance’s team gave us a different view and angle of our business and their inputs were full of excellent surprises and smoothly assist our Marketing Team to see other views."

"YCP Solidiance did a great job in our Asia distributors network project. Their groundwork, analysis, communication, and follow-through was exactly as needed to make the final delivery very useful and applicable to our Asia growth strategy. YCP Solidiance exceeded my expectations at every level."

"Thank you for the final version of this excellent, well researched and referenced manuscript. This is a pioneering article for understanding the Saudi and GCC Healthcare market for IVDs. Thank you again YCP Solidiance for an excellent effort to all concerned."

"YCP Solidiance’s vast network and enormous experience in India, benefited us in identifying some of the competent Institutes, which were not on our radar before. Being a huge country, it is not easy to locate such Institutes that may not be popular or generally well known but that may have specific competencies useful for our applications. YCP Solidiance truly served as a partner to link us with new academia in India, which has great potential for collaboration. I personally appreciate the dedication and professionalism of YCP Solidiance's entire team, & particularly would like to thank Heiko for his excellent project management & valuable inputs. Thank you for the cooperation and we hope to continue the partnership we have built up so far."

"I would like to thank you again for your engagement and the deliverable of this project. It was our first collaboration with YCP Solidiance and you have exceeded our expectations. Your support has allowed us to move ahead in this initial and critical step in a long way for establishing Allergan’s direct presence in our targeted country. Thank you and well-done to the team!"

"YCP Solidiance’s findings and recommendations have helped us to gain a better understanding and make strategic decisions on our business expansion plan in this specific Asian emerging country. I am therefore happy to recommend YCP Solidiance as a reliable partner to any company requiring consulting capabilities in the Asian medical device areas."

"The systematic and detailed approach adopted by the YCP Solidiance team has helped to provide an in-depth analysis of the specific businesses in the country we are interested to enter. Their findings and recommendations have helped us gain a better understanding and make strategic decisions on our business expansion plan in this specific emerging country. I am therefore happy to recommend YCP Solidiance as a reliable partner to any company requiring research and consulting capabilities in the medical areas."

"We engaged YCP Solidiance for a consulting project and gave them a clear mission: To help us gain a deep understanding of the market, establish strategic insights into it and recommend a differentiated market-entry strategy. Not only did they accomplish the mission, but they also did so succinctly. YCP Solidiance knows their craft well. Their experienced and knowledgeable team members were responsive and delivered on their commitments. In a word, professional."

"YCP Solidiance made sure they had a thorough understanding of our business needs and objectives and focused on the key aspects of the Vietnam market that helped us with our market development strategies. Their analysis and recommendations provided us with clear insights into the decision of our strategic options."

"I would like to thank YCP Solidiance for the great job that you have carried out over the last four months. Our team enjoyed working with you very much. Your professionalism and responsiveness were well appreciated. I received very positive feedback regarding the presentation that Solidiance gave, about both the content and style. This work will have an impact on our next strategic decisions related to film technology. I will not hesitate to recommend Solidiance in the future."

"The YCP Solidiance's team brings consultative skills that you can't teach. We chose YCP Solidiance to help us understand how changing customer requirements in an emerging market segment should influence our go-to-market approach. Throughout the engagement, they consistently talked the language of our senior executives, engaged our customers in probing conversations, and focused early and on what mattered most as they delivered their insights and recommendations."

"YCP Solidiance did a great job in our Asia distributors network project. Their groundwork, analysis, communication, and follow-through was exactly as needed to make the final delivery very useful and applicable to our Asia growth strategy. YCP Solidiance exceeded my expectations at every level."

"Thanks to YCP Solidiance’s work, we have been able to move smoothly forward in the ASEAN region. YCP Solidiance’s know-how has greatly helped DuPont in making its strategic choices."

"YCP Solidiance's expertise and experience in assessing Asia Pacific markets helped us gain valuable & critical intelligence that shape our market expansion plans to China. It is our intent to continue to partner with YCP Solidiance for future assignments and I would like to endorse myself as a satisfied client."

"I would like to express my sincere gratitude to YCP Solidiance team. I am extremely pleased with how they executed our project. They got their hands dirty and went the extra mile to work on key specified deliverables that proved to show high-impact towards our business objectives. I was profoundly impressed with how YCP Solidiance managed client relationships. The team displayed high professionalism and was able to listen thoroughly. Through their recommendations, we were able to identify the future business direction in the expansion of our Indonesia logistics business footprint."

"I would like to thank YCP Solidiance for the great job that you have carried out over the last four months. Our team enjoyed working with you very much. Your professionalism and responsiveness were well appreciated. I received very positive feedback regarding the presentation that Solidiance gave, about both the content and style. This work will have an impact on our next strategic decisions related to film technology. I will not hesitate to recommend Solidiance in the future."

"The YCP Solidiance's team brings consultative skills that you can't teach. We chose YCP Solidiance to help us understand how changing customer requirements in an emerging market segment should influence our go-to-market approach. Throughout the engagement, they consistently talked the language of our senior executives, engaged our customers in probing conversations, and focused early and on what mattered most as they delivered their insights and recommendations."

"YCP Solidiance has been our partner since the initial strategic planning stage of our China business. They have helped us identify market opportunities, establish our local team and have effectively incubated our ongoing operation. I have the utmost confidence in both their capabilities and integrity."

"YCP Solidiance has proven to be an excellent partner for our teams providing reliable insights and understanding of the markets where we operate across Asia. Their advice and guidance have helped develop and refine our strategic approach to how we operate in the region and I am happy to recommend their work and capabilities."

"YCP Solidiance truly stands alone in terms of delivering value for money. Over the course of the various projects we've commissioned with YCP Solidiance, we've witnessed them using their deep Asian wide networks to gain trends and insights into a concise roadmap report that we can simply turn over to our Sales team for highly effective implementation."

"I would like to thank YCP Solidiance for the great job that you have carried out over the last four months. Our team enjoyed working with you very much. Your professionalism and responsiveness were well appreciated. I received very positive feedback regarding the presentation that Solidiance gave, about both the content and style. This work will have an impact on our next strategic decisions related to film technology. I will not hesitate to recommend YCP Solidiance in the future."

"I would like to thank you again for your engagement and the deliverable of this project. It was our first collaboration with YCP Solidiance and you have exceeded our expectations. Your support has allowed us to move ahead in this initial and critical step in a long way for establishing Allergan’s direct presence in our targeted country. Thank you and well-done to the team!"

"The systematic and detailed approach adopted by the YCP Solidiance team has helped to provide an in-depth analysis of the specific businesses in the country we are interested to enter. Their findings and recommendations have helped us gain a better understanding and make strategic decisions on our business expansion plan in this specific emerging country. I am therefore happy to recommend YCP Solidiance as a reliable partner to any company requiring research and consulting capabilities in the medical areas."

"YCP Solidiance’s findings and recommendations have helped us to gain a better understanding and make strategic decisions on our business expansion plan in this specific Asian emerging country. I am therefore happy to recommend YCP Solidiance as a reliable partner to any company requiring consulting capabilities in the Asian medical device areas."

"YCP Solidiance’s vast network and enormous experience in India, benefited us in identifying some of the competent Institutes, which were not on our radar before. Being a huge country, it is not easy to locate such Institutes that may not be popular or generally well known but that may have specific competencies useful for our applications. YCP Solidiance truly served as a partner to link us with new academia in India, which has great potential for collaboration. I personally appreciate the dedication and professionalism of YCP Solidiance's entire team, & particularly would like to thank Heiko for his excellent project management & valuable inputs. Thank you for the cooperation and we hope to continue the partnership we have built up so far."

"YCP Solidiance's deep understanding of the Myanmar F&B sector helped us to better understand where the sources of growth will come from, enabling us to focus on the right product categories and craft strategies to win in Myanmar. We appreciated Solidiance’s team strength and the support provided by their management team in this emerging market."

"YCP Solidiance's expertise and experience in assessing Asia Pacific markets helped us gain valuable & critical intelligence that shape our market expansion plans to China. It is our intent to continue to partner with YCP Solidiance for future assignments and I would like to endorse myself as a satisfied client."

"Thanks to YCP Solidiance’s work, we have been able to move smoothly forward in the ASEAN region. YCP Solidiance’s know-how has greatly helped DuPont in making its strategic choices."

"YCP Solidiance's practical recommendations in the final report more than fulfilled our Board's expectations. The Ho Chi Minh's chapter has already implemented a number of the recommendations and has seen immediate positive results."